Khartoum 1966

In 1883, in the Sudan, a force of 10,000 poorly trained but well-armed Egyptian troops is lured into the desert. Commanding the force is former Bombay Army soldier Colonel William “Billy” Hicks [Edward Underdown], now a private operator paid by the Egyptian government. He is overwhelmed by native tribesmen led by Muhammad Ahmed, the Nubian religious leader of the Samaniyya order who has proclaimed himself the Mahdi [Laurence Olivier]. The Mahdi’s followers slaughter the troops and seize the weapons, leaving Khartoum vulnerable and the British in a difficult moral and strategic bind.

Back in London, William Ewart Gladstone [Ralph Richardson], the prime minister, faces intense public pressure to avenge Hicks’s death. He is torn between political expediency and cautious restraint, knowing that a direct confrontation could escalate into a larger imperial clash. The option of sending a seasoned, controversial colonial figure—Major General Charles George Gordon—looms large. Gordon [Charlton Heston] brings a reputation for field leadership and deeply held religious convictions, but his appointment signals a willingness to take a highly personal, high-stakes risk. Lord Granville [Michael Hordern], the Foreign Secretary, recognizes that dispatching Gordon to Khartoum could deflect public anger and let the government avoid full accountability if things go wrong, a calculation that Gladstone weighs carefully for the sake of both policy and public sentiment.

Gordon is told that his mission is unofficial: evacuate troops and civilians with only a skeleton staff and virtually no guarantees from London. He accepts, albeit with a wary eye toward the limits of his authority. His sole aide is Colonel J. D. H. Stewart [Richard Johnson], a steadying presence amid mounting pressure. An early attempt to recruit Zobeir Pasha [Zia Mohyeddin] fails, and Gordon and Stewart press on toward Khartoum, where the general is greeted as a savior by the city’s residents upon his arrival in February 1884. He begins organizing defences and rallying the people, even as Stewart warns that this is not the mission he was sent to perform.

Gordon’s first act is to confront the Mahdi in the insurgent camp, accompanied by only a single servant. The exchange is tense and pointed, revealing the Mahdi’s resolve to seize Khartoum and punish its inhabitants as an example. Returning to the city, Gordon, a qualified engineer, wastes no time in digging a ditch to create a defensive moat between the White Nile and the Blue Nile, a practical measure born of necessity and foresight.

Across the sea, Gladstone becomes acutely aware of the city’s peril and orders Gordon to withdraw, but the general’s resolve remains unshaken. Stewart travels to London to plead the case, and public opinion grows ever louder in demanding relief. Gordon’s stance—resolute, impassioned, and increasingly isolated—persists even as the British government contends with the political costs of abandonment and the fear of appearing indecisive.

News arrives that a relief force, commanded by General Wolseley [Nigel Green], is being assembled in Britain. Yet as Khartoum’s waters recede in winter, shrinking the moat and thinning the city’s defenses, the smaller Egyptian army proves unable to withstand a massive onslaught from tens of thousands of Mahdist warriors. On 26 January 1885, Khartoum falls to the besieging forces. Gordon and the foreign garrison—together with tens of thousands of inhabitants—are slaughtered, despite a brief injunction from the Mahdi against killing Gordon personally. In a grim postscript, Gordon’s head is displayed on a pole as a stark symbol of the city’s fall.

The relief column arrives two days too late, and Khartoum’s ruin ushers in a period of withdrawal for Britain. The Mahdi dies six months later, but the political and moral shock helps spark a renewed, later British campaign in the Sudan. By 1898, Khartoum would be recaptured as part of a broader reassertion of imperial power, reshaping the region’s future in the hands of new leaders and new strategies.

In the end, the tale is one of ambition and restraint, courage and consequence, where leadership decisions ripple through politics, faith, and the fate of a city. The human stories—of Hicks’s doomed expedition, Gordon’s determined yet doomed stand, and the grinding push and pull between government policy and battlefield reality—remain central to understanding why Khartoum’s siege remains a touchstone of imperial history.