Cromwell 1970

Oliver Cromwell, played by Richard Harris, is a devout Puritan, a country squire, a magistrate, and a former Member of Parliament who finds himself drawn into a nation’s mounting crisis. On the other side stands Charles I, played by Alec Guinness, whose belief in the divine right of kings guides a reformist agenda that现实 pushes against the growing power of Parliament. The king’s policies—enclosing common land for wealthy landowners and quietly allowing Catholic rituals in private—frustrate many, including Cromwell, while the Queen, Dorothy Tutin as Queen Henrietta Maria, quietly practices Catholicism but cannot allow the young Prince of Wales to be raised in that faith. The tension between duty to crown and duty to conscience threads through every choice the two men make, even as Cromwell contemplates taking his family to the New World before being pulled back into the political arena.

Charles I’s resolve hardens as he reluctantly summons Parliament for the first time in twelve years, seeking funds to wage wars against the Scots and the Irish. In a bid to appease the Commons, he agrees to the execution of his volatile adviser, the Earl of Strafford (Patrick Wymark), but he refuses to concede reforms that would curb royal authority. The moment the king enters the parliamentary chamber with an armed guard to arrest five members, England erupts into civil war, pitting those who see God on Parliament’s side against a monarch who believes he speaks with divine authority. Cromwell emerges from cavalry service to help forge the New Model Army, a disciplined force that becomes the turning point in the conflict.

The war intensifies as Cromwell, alongside general Thomas Fairfax, reshapes the battlefield. The army’s cohesion and training turn the tide, delivering a decisive victory at the Battle of Naseby, where Cromwell’s cavalry proves pivotal even as one of his own sons falls in battle. The royal cause crumbles as Oxford is surrounded, Prince Rupert of the Rhine is banished after failures at Bristol, and Charles I seeks help by negotiating with Catholic powers through his queen and eldest son, who are sent abroad for this purpose. The conflict deepens the rift between crown and Parliament, with new strategies and loyalties emerging on every front.

As the king’s fate is sealed, Cromwell learns of Charles’ covert plan to mobilize a wholly Catholic army, relayed by Sir Edward Hyde, the king’s former adviser (Nigel Stock). Unyielding, Cromwell and his fellow Parliamentarians demand accountability, and Charles I is brought to trial for treason. Refusing to acknowledge any authority higher than his own, the king is found guilty and executed, a moment that reframes the nation’s future in ways few could have anticipated. The film does not celebrate the king’s demise; instead, it presents a complex portrait of a country at a crossroads, where power and faith collide with brutal clarity.

In the aftermath, Cromwell contemplates a future beyond monarchy even as Parliament proves self-serving in governance. His troops eject MPs from the House of Commons, leaving Cromwell to outline his vision for the Protectorate—a period of rule that he asserts as necessary amid the chaos. The drama lingers on the uneasy transition from royal authority to a new order, highlighting Cromwell’s resolve and the costs of leadership. When the dust settles, the film closes with a reflective voice-over: Cromwell would serve as Lord Protector for five years before England again reshapes itself with the return of Charles II, a time described as an England “never to be the same again.”

England never to be the same again.