Light from Directly Above
Top-light refers to any lighting setup where the key light is positioned directly above the subject, shining vertically downwards. Because we are accustomed to light sources like the sun coming from above at an angle, pure top-light can create a sense of unease or drama. The light illuminates the top of the head, the forehead, the nose, and the shoulders, while casting deep, sharp shadows directly below these features. This often results in dark pools in the eye sockets (known as ‘raccoon eyes’), a prominent shadow under the nose, and a strong shadow under the chin.
Psychological and Visual Effect
The mood created by top-light can vary greatly depending on its quality (hard or soft) and context:
- Drama and Menace: A hard, direct top-light is often used to make a character appear mysterious, intimidating, or sinister. The shadowed eyes can conceal their emotions and intentions.
- Interrogation: The classic image of a single bare bulb hanging over a character in an interrogation room is a quintessential use of top-light to create a feeling of pressure and vulnerability.
- Glamour and Beauty: Conversely, a large, soft top-light can be very flattering. It can create a beautiful highlight in the hair (a ‘hair light’), accentuate the cheekbones, and sculpt the face in an elegant way.
- Motivation: Top-light is very often ‘motivated’ by a practical light source in the scene, such as a ceiling fixture, a streetlamp, or moonlight coming through a skylight. This grounds the dramatic effect in a sense of realism.
Because of its potential to be unflattering, top-light is a tool that cinematographers use with care and precision, often combining it with a soft fill light or a specific eye-light to bring life back to the character’s eyes.