Motion Picture Association

The Voice of the Hollywood Studios

The Motion Picture Association (MPA) is a powerful trade association that represents the interests of the largest global producers and distributors of film, television, and streaming content. For decades, its membership consisted of the major Hollywood studios, and it now includes the streaming giant Netflix. The MPA functions as the industry’s primary lobbying force in Washington, D.C., and around the world. Its core missions are to promote the creative and commercial interests of its member companies, protect their intellectual property through robust anti-piracy efforts, and expand their access to international markets.

The Film Rating System

To the general public, the MPA is most famous for administering the voluntary film rating system. Created in 1968 to replace the archaic and restrictive Hays Code, the system was designed to provide parents with advance information about the content of films to help them decide what is appropriate for their children. It is managed by a board of independent parents known as the Classification and Rating Administration (CARA).

The ratings are:

• G (General Audiences): All ages admitted.
• PG (Parental Guidance Suggested): Some material may not be suitable for children.
• PG-13 (Parents Strongly Cautioned): Some material may be inappropriate for children under 13.
• R (Restricted): Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian.
• NC-17 (No One 17 and Under Admitted): Previously known as X.

The system has faced persistent criticism over the years for its perceived lack of transparency and its inconsistent application, particularly a perceived leniency toward violence compared to a stricter approach to sexual content and language. Despite this, it remains the definitive content guide for American moviegoers.

A Global Advocate for Content Protection

A huge part of the MPA’s modern mission is the global fight against content piracy. As technology has made unauthorized copying and distribution of media easier, the MPA has invested heavily in both technology and legal strategies to combat digital theft. It works with governments and law enforcement agencies around the world to shut down illegal streaming sites and file-sharing networks. The organization also leads public awareness campaigns, like the famous “You Wouldn’t Steal a Car” advertisement, to educate consumers about the economic and creative harm caused by piracy.