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HDR Metadata: Meaning & Definition in Film

HDR metadata is data embedded in a video signal that instructs a compatible display on how to render the High Dynamic Range content.

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The Instruction Manual for Your TV

High Dynamic Range (HDR) video contains a much wider range of brightness and color information than standard video. However, not all HDR-capable televisions are created equal—they have different peak brightness levels and color capabilities. HDR metadata is the crucial ‘instruction manual’ sent along with the video that tells your specific television how to best map the massive HDR signal to its own capabilities. This ensures that the director’s creative intent is preserved as accurately as possible on a wide range of different displays.

Static vs. Dynamic Metadata

There are two main types of HDR metadata, which define the major HDR formats:

  • Static Metadata (HDR10): In the base HDR10 format, the metadata is static. This means one set of data is established for the entire film or show. This data typically includes information like MaxFALL (Maximum Frame Average Light Level) and MaxCLL (Maximum Content Light Level) for the brightest single pixel in the entire program. The display then uses this single set of values to apply a ‘tone map’ for the whole movie. This can be a compromise, as the ideal mapping for a dark scene might be sacrificed for the settings needed for the brightest scenes.
  • Dynamic Metadata (HDR10+ and Dolby Vision): In more advanced formats, the metadata is dynamic. It can change on a scene-by-scene or even frame-by-frame basis. This provides the display with continuous, precise instructions on how to adjust its tone mapping for each specific moment. The result is a more optimized and nuanced picture, with better detail in both dark shadows and bright highlights throughout the entire viewing experience.

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