The Censor Board of India
The Central Board of Film Certification, commonly referred to as the Censor Board, is a statutory body operating under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India. Unlike many international bodies that simply classify content, the CBFC has the legal power of censorship. It is tasked with regulating the public exhibition of films under the provisions of the Cinematograph Act 1952. All films, both Indian and foreign, must receive a certificate from the CBFC before they can be shown in Indian cinemas or on television.
The Certification Process and Ratings
Filmmakers must submit their film to an Examining Committee of the CBFC. This committee has the authority to suggest or demand modifications and cuts to scenes it deems to be in violation of its guidelines, which are aimed at preventing content that is against the interests of the state, public order, or decency, or that could incite crime. The final film is then granted a certificate with one of the following ratings:
| Rating | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| U | Unrestricted Public Exhibition | Suitable for all ages. Family-friendly. |
| U/A | Unrestricted Public Exhibition - with Parental Guidance | Suitable for all, but parents are advised to exercise caution for children under 12. |
| A | Adult | Restricted to adult audiences (18+). |
| S | Specialized | Restricted to a special class of persons, such as doctors or scientists. |
The CBFC’s decisions are often the subject of intense public debate and controversy, with filmmakers frequently challenging its demands for cuts as an infringement on freedom of expression.