The Hunley 1999
Directed by
John Gray
Made by
Adelson Entertainment
The Hunley Plot Summary
Read the complete plot summary and ending explained for The Hunley (1999). From turning points to emotional moments, uncover what really happened and why it matters.
Horace L. Hunley launches his submarine, the H.L. Hunley, into Charleston Harbor, but the mission ends in tragedy as the craft sinks with all hands. To fulfill the blockade, General Beauregard has the ship raised and places Gen. Pierre G.T. Beauregard Donald Sutherland in charge, turning a grim accident into a renewed effort to strike at Union ships from the harbor’s depths. He begins to assemble a crew, and after some difficulty, enough volunteers step forward to man the vessel, with the command ultimately resting on Lt. George Dixon. The men train, cranking the propeller and learning to synchronize their movements, while tensions simmer among them as personalities clash and old doubts simmer beneath the surface.
Dixon’s mind drifts back to the Battle of Shiloh, where a gold coin given to him by his wife—who would later perish in a steamboat explosion caused by a drifting mine—appears to have saved his life by deflecting a bullet. The crew lowers the Hunley, testing its silence and resilience as it sits on the bottom to gauge how long it can endure submerged pressure, nearly getting wedged in the dark. The U.S. Navy is alerted to the submarine’s existence, forcing the crew to consider every risk and contingency. They vote that if they become trapped after an attack, they will open the ballast valves and flood the submarine rather than risk suffocation, a decision that will weigh heavily on them in the hours to come.
The Hunley’s first mission is intended against the USS Wabash, but the attack does not go as planned and fails to deliver the decisive strike they seek. In response to evolving warnings, the ship is fitted with draped metal chain netting along its sides, a precaution meant to blunt the hull, while a loose line attached to the torpedo becomes tangled in the propeller, forcing a dangerous and delicate cut to free it as sailors aboard the Wabash fire upon the submerged craft. Beauregard then proposes a revised tactic: place the torpedo at the end of a long spar to reach targets more effectively. The Housatonic is ordered to shift position in the harbor and to keep moving so it cannot be entangled by netting, while Lt. Alexander is ordered to Mobile, Alabama, and a fresh volunteer earns a place on the crew.
On February 17, 1864, the CSS H. L. Hunley sails out again and closes with the USS Housatonic. The torpedo drives into the side of the Union ship, detonating with a blast that sinks the Housatonic—the first ship ever sunk by a submarine. A stray bullet from the submarine’s own craft fractures a window in the conning tower and wounds Dixon, while the explosion hollows the Hunley itself, opening seams and letting water flood the hull. With no way to release ballast or pump, the submarine sinks to the bottom, and, true to their vow, the crew floods the vessel and is lost. A memorial service in Charleston honors Beauregard and the Hunley crew, and, inside the wrecked submarine, Dixon catches a vision of his wife welcoming him into the hereafter.
The Hunley Timeline
Follow the complete movie timeline of The Hunley (1999) with every major event in chronological order. Great for understanding complex plots and story progression.
Hunley’s first mission ends in disaster
The Hunley is taken out into Charleston Harbor and sinks with all hands. The loss triggers renewed efforts to salvage and reuse the submarine later in the war. Despite the tragedy, Confederate leaders decide to pursue submarine warfare and assign new leadership.
Ship raised and a new commander takes charge
General Beauregard orders the ship to be raised and appoints George E. Dixon to command. Work begins to assemble a capable crew, with volunteers slowly filling the ranks. They start practicing cranking the propeller to build endurance and familiarity with the craft.
Dixon’s Shiloh memory
Dixon experiences a flashback to the Battle of Shiloh, where a gold coin given by his wife deflected a bullet and saved his life. The memory underscores the personal cost of war and the stakes of their mission. It also foreshadows the dangers they are about to face.
Recruitment and training intensifies
They search for men willing to volunteer for a dangerous underwater assignment and finally fill the crew. Training is grueling as they drill the crank-propeller and learn the submarine's quirks. Tensions among crew members surface as the pressure builds.
Bottom tests and endurance trials
They test how long the Hunley can stay submerged by taking it down to the bottom and watching the ballast. The crew nearly gets stuck, highlighting the limits of their equipment and the risk of a prolonged underwater voyage. These trials reveal the critical need for reliable ballast and pumping.
Warning and protective measures
The U.S. Navy learns about the sub and prepares defenses. In response, the Hunley is fitted with draped metal chain netting over the side as protection. A line from the torpedo becomes entangled in the propeller, forcing an emergency cut.
Spar torpedo plan takes shape
Beauregard proposes mounting the torpedo on the end of a long spar to reach enemy ships. The plan evolves into a spar-torpedo attack, changing how the crew will approach targets. They adapt the submarine to this new tactic.
Harbor constraints guide the attack plan
The USS Housatonic is ordered to change position in the harbor and stay ready to steam, preventing the Hunley from exploiting netting. The crew must work within these constraints as they prepare for an attack. This pushes them to improve coordination under pressure.
Leadership shifts and a new volunteer joins
Lt. Alexander, the second in command, is ordered to Mobile, Alabama, while a young volunteer joins the crew. The shifting leadership patterns bring both disruption and renewed resolve. The crew continues to train and prepare for action.
February 17, 1864: the attack on Housatonic
On February 17, 1864, the Hunley sails out and attacks the USS Housatonic. The torpedo is rammed into the side of the ship, it explodes, and the Housatonic sinks, becoming the first ship ever sunk by a submarine. Dixon is wounded by a bullet that breaks a window in the conning tower.
Hull breaches and ultimate sinking
The explosion opens seams on the Hunley and it takes on water. The submarine settles to the bottom as it cannot release ballast or pump. Following their plan, the crew opens the valves and floods the ship, killing the entire crew.
Memorials and a final vision
General Beauregard attends a memorial service in Charleston for Hunley and her crew. Inside the flooded submarine, Dixon envisions a reunion with his wife, welcomed into the afterlife. The scene closes on a somber note of sacrifice.
The Hunley Characters
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Lt. George Dixon (Armand Assante)
Dixon is the determined commander of the Hunley, whose leadership binds a diverse crew under pressure. He carries the weight of a battlefield memory—his wife’s death after a steamboat explosion that a gold coin helped him survive—that keeps him pressing forward. His resolve is tested by setbacks, from equipment snags to tensions among volunteers, yet he remains committed to the mission. He faces battlefield danger with stoic composure, guiding the crew through peril and sacrifice.
Gen. Pierre G. T. Beauregard (Donald Sutherland)
Beauregard orchestrates the Hunley project, overseeing its raising from the harbor and assigning key personnel to the crew. He approves the tactics, including the use of metal netting and the torpedo strategy that transmits orders to the submarine. His decisions reflect strategic risk-taking during a desperate war, with high stakes for Confederate naval defense. He attends the Hunley memorial, recognizing the cost of innovation.
Lt. Alexander (Alex Jennings)
Alexander serves as the second in command, tasked with listing volunteers and coordinating the crew’s readiness. He is ordered to Mobile, Alabama, while new recruits join the mission, illustrating the constant reshuffling and urgency of Confederate naval efforts. He embodies the tension between experience and new blood that drives the Hunley crew. His role tests loyalty and adaptability under wartime pressure.
The Hunley Settings
Learn where and when The Hunley (1999) takes place. Explore the film’s settings, era, and how they shape the narrative.
Time period
February 1864
The events unfold during the American Civil War, when the Confederacy desperately seeks to break the Union blockade. The Hunley's mission occurs in early 1864, culminating in the February 17 attack on the USS Housatonic. The era is defined by naval warfare innovations and high casualties, with soldiers and sailors risking everything for strategic advantage.
Location
Charleston Harbor, South Carolina
Charleston Harbor in South Carolina serves as the Confederate center for the Hunley's operations during the Civil War. The harbor is the site of tense blockades and naval skirmishes as the Union seeks to herd Confederate ports. It is the staging ground for a daring submarine mission intended to break the Union blockade.
The Hunley Themes
Discover the main themes in The Hunley (1999). Analyze the deeper meanings, emotional layers, and social commentary behind the film.
🎖️
Courage
Courage is shown by Dixon and the Hunley crew as they accept the perilous mission to ram a torpedo into an enemy ship. The crew must overcome personal tensions and the fear of a fatal outcome. Their willingness to fight under extreme risk highlights the human cost of innovation in wartime. The memorial service underscores the theme that courage is remembered long after a battle ends.
⚙️
Innovation
The Hunley represents a turning point in military technology, a submarine built to shatter the Union blockade. The crew's practice cranking the propeller and the adjustments to its hull illustrate how wartime necessity drives invention. Beauregard and others rely on this new weapon despite its technical hazards and uncertain reliability. The story frames engineering as a double-edged sword—brilliant, yet deadly.
🕯️
Memory
The film meditates on memory, keeping alive the names and sacrifices of those aboard the Hunley. Dixon's vision of his wife in the flooded submarine at the end symbolizes reunion beyond death. The memorial service in Charleston embodies collective remembrance for a crew that vanished with their craft. Memory anchors the historical significance of the Hunley's doomed mission.
The Hunley Spoiler-Free Summary
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In the fevered heat of 1864 Charleston, a secret program lurks beneath the restless waters of the harbor. The Confederacy has turned its ingenuity to an unprecedented weapon: a hand‑cranked, iron‑clad submersible that promises to rewrite the rules of naval warfare. The film immerses the audience in the cramped, iron‑scented confines of this vessel, where every creak of the wooden ribs and the hiss of ballast valves carries the weight of an entire city’s desperate hope. The tone is a blend of gritty realism and quiet reverence, capturing both the claustrophobic tension of life below the surface and the awe of pioneering a technology never before seen in combat.
The mission’s revival falls to General Beauregard, a stern yet visionary commander who reshapes the tragedy of a previous dive into a rallying cry for daring volunteers. He gathers a disparate band of nine men, each drawn by a mix of patriotism, curiosity, and a yearning for redemption. Leadership ultimately rests with Lt. George Dixon, a battle‑scarred officer whose inner doubts clash with his sense of duty. As the crew trains—cranking the massive propeller, synchronizing breathing, and navigating the psychological strain of potential death—their personalities surface, sparking friction and forging unexpected bonds. The film lingers on the quiet moments between drills, where whispered stories and a solitary gold coin become talismans against the looming unknown.
Against this backdrop, a fresh face enters the fold: Lt. Alexander, a newcomer whose eagerness adds both optimism and fresh tension to the already strained dynamic. Together, the men stand on the brink of an historic test, their resolve tempered by the ever‑present danger of the deep. The narrative balances the meticulous, almost ceremonial preparation of a groundbreaking operation with the human yearning for purpose, hinting at a defining moment that could alter the course of the war—while keeping the true outcome veiled in mystery.
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