Clean Pastures 1937

Clean Pastures unfolds in the bustling heart of Harlem, New York City, where African American caricatures mingle in a panorama of bars, clubs, and shimmering dancing girls. Up above in Heaven, known as Pair-O-Dice, a black Saint Peter reads a sensational headline about paradise in peril as Hades on the other side grows more powerful. An angel summons a spirited figure with strikingly large lips—an affectionate nod to classic theatrical caricatures—and tasks him with setting matters straight. The celestial envoy, sometimes identified as Gabriel, lands to deliver a rallying banner styled after the famous Uncle Sam poster: “Pair-O-Dice Needs You! Opportunity, Travel, Good Food, Water Melon, Clean Living, Music, Talkies.” Yet the earthly revelry stubbornly persists, unbowed by heavenly decree.

On cue, a chorus of angels—caricatures of jazz greats—descend to remind Saint Peter that paradise can be won with rhythm. The lineup includes representations of Louis Armstrong, Cab Calloway, Fats Waller, The Mills Brothers, and Jimmie Lunceford, underscoring that music is the key to lifting souls. The moment becomes a vivid showcase: the all-black jazz group [The Four Blackbirds] stage a star-studded impression spree, launching into a lively performance of Swing for Sale that draws the Harlem crowd like a revival meeting. As the music sweeps through the streets, newcomers begin to see halos materialize around their heads, and the city follows the band toward Pair-O-Dice. In a cheeky final twist, even the Devil himself asks for admission, hinting at the irresistible pull of rhythm and redemption.

As a musical short, Clean Pastures thrives on its dynamic structure, weaving between musical numbers and narrative in a way that makes the score an indispensable driver of the story. The composer behind this motion is Carl Stalling, whose score blends public-domain tunes with Warner Bros. catalog to create the animation’s emotional and narrative current. The music doesn’t merely accompany the action; it shapes it, with dances and gestures choreographed to melodies even when performers aren’t visibly on screen. The backing vocal texture is provided by the all-black group [The Four Blackbirds], anchoring the film’s soundscape from start to finish.

The opening choir of a cappella voices belts out Save Me, Sister, from Temptation, a number drawn from the 1936 Warner Bros. film The Singing Kid and establishing an early thread of redemption. As Harlem comes alive, Sweet Georgia Brown sets the mood of temptation and exuberance that permeates the sequence. Caricatures of Bill “Bojangles” Robinson and Al Jolson perform snippets of the blackface tunes Old Folks at Home and I Love to Singa, signaling the era’s complex dynamics while keeping the focus on the power of performance. The heart of the short remains the jubilant Swing for Sale, staged by caricatures of celebrated jazz performers, a showcase that culminates in a celebratory reimagining of James A. Bland’s minstrel spiritual Oh! Dem Golden Slippers.