Italian Neorealism

Post-War Context and Origins

Italian Neorealism developed in the aftermath of World War II as filmmakers sought to depict societal realities under reconstruction. Directors like Roberto Rossellini, Vittorio De Sica, and Luchino Visconti turned to non-professional actors, on-location shoots in war-torn streets, and narratives of poverty and struggle. Films such as Open City (1945) and Bicycle Thieves (1948) highlighted human resilience amid hardship.

Aesthetic and Narrative Features

Characteristics include:

• Real Locations: Setting stories in actual neighborhoods and ruins.
• Non-Actors: Casting ordinary people to enhance authenticity.
• Stories of the Marginalized: Focusing on working-class and impoverished protagonists.

The restrained use of music and straightforward cinematography reinforces a documentary-like immediacy, while the episodic structure mirrors the unpredictability of daily life.

Influence and Legacy

Italian Neorealism laid the groundwork for global art-house cinema, inspiring movements like the French New Wave and British kitchen-sink realism. Its humanistic approach to storytelling endures in contemporary social dramas. Landmark films are preserved in national archives and celebrated in scholarly discourse for their pioneering blend of politics and poetics.