Timecode Resync

When the Timing is Off

Timecode is the precise, frame-accurate address (formatted as Hours:Minutes:Seconds:Frames) that acts as the master clock for a film. Every element—every video frame, every line of subtitles, every sound effect—is locked to this master timeline. However, it is common for multiple versions of a film to exist. When an editor creates a new version, such as a ‘Director’s Cut’ that adds ten minutes of footage or an ‘Airline Version’ that removes a sensitive scene, the entire timecode of the film is altered. A subtitle file or dubbed audio track created for the original theatrical version will now be completely out of sync with the new cut. A timecode resync, also known as conforming, is the technical process of re-editing these assets to perfectly match the new timeline.

The Conforming Process

This is a common and essential task in the world of film localization and distribution. The process typically involves a technician using specialized software to compare the old and new versions of the film. By identifying common in-points and out-points (the start and end of scenes that have not changed), the software can calculate the necessary timecode offsets.

• For Subtitles: For a text-based subtitle file (like an SRT), the process can often be semi-automated. The software can apply the calculated offsets to the ‘in’ and ‘out’ times of every single subtitle event in the file, shifting them to their new positions on the timeline.
• For Audio: For a dubbed audio track, the process is more manual. An audio editor must physically insert or remove sections of silence in the dubbed track to match the picture changes, meticulously ensuring that dialogue remains in perfect lip-sync.

Common Scenarios Requiring a Resync

A timecode resync is required whenever the picture timeline changes. Common scenarios include:

• Creating different cuts of a film (Theatrical, Director’s, Extended, etc.).
• Conforming a film for different regional censorship standards.
• Adapting a film for different broadcast standards, such as converting a film from 24 frames per second (cinema) to 25 fps (PAL for Europe) or 29.97 fps (NTSC for North America).