Vamsha Vriksha 1971

The story unfolds in 1924 in the town of Nanjangud, centering on Kathyayani, the widow of Nanjunda Shrothri, who lives under the roof of her in-laws—Shrinivasa Shrothri, a revered scholar of Indian philosophy and the shastras, and Bhagirathamma—along with their loyal servant Lakshmi. After her husband’s drowning in the Kapila River, Kathyayani refuses to don the traditional widow’s garb, a choice that traces back to the gentle pressure of her stern mother-in-law and the quietly encouraging stance of Shrothri, who hopes she will pursue an education. Spurred by this encouragement and by a desire to reclaim her life, Kathyayani sets her sights on college, pursuing a BA while her late husband’s studies cast a long shadow over her path. Her world broadens at the university when she encounters Raja Rao, Sadashiva Rao’s brother and a professor of Shakespearean drama who runs a Dramatics Club; a fateful attraction blossoms between them, and a romance begins to take root.

Meanwhile, Sadashiva Rao—already a towering figure in Indian cultural history—embarks on a monumental five-volume project that traces India’s cultural history from the Indus Valley civilization to contemporary times. With an initial grant from Shrothri and additional support from the Maharaja of Mysore, Rao undertakes a journey across libraries, monuments, and archives to fuel his research. During a stop at Ajanta he meets Karunaratne, a Sinhalese historian of Buddhism from Cambridge and a sharp, dedicated mind whose intellectual kinship with Rao inspires a professional partnership that quickly grows personal. Karunaratne (who becomes Ratne in Rao’s life) accepts Rao’s invitation to study at his university and soon becomes his research assistant. Their collaboration deepens into love, even as Rao remains married to Nagalakshmi.

The moral and social tensions intensify as Rao contemplates a bigamous life to formalize his bond with Ratne, and he presents Nagalakshmi with a painful choice. Ratne agrees to marry Rao, but Nagalakshmi, a dutiful wife, is left bereft and crushed by the new arrangement. In a parallel thread, Raja Rao’s marriage to Kathyayani unfolds, and Kathyayani, weighing her sense of duty against the lure of a new romantic life, ultimately consents to a second marriage that exits her from the Shrothri household. She departs with nothing but the clothes on her back, a bitter moment that shocks the family and tests the limits of Shrothri’s equanimity.

As years pass, Nagalakshmi seeks solace in religious practice, while the elder Shrothris shoulder the burden of domestic life and the pain of a bereaved family—first the death of their son, then the estrangement of their daughter-in-law. Kathyayani, though initially buoyed by the pleasures of marriage, endures three miscarriages and begins to wonder if her fate is a verdict on her choices. Rao, meanwhile, battles ill health as his five-volume work consumes him, and Ratne’s pregnancy complicates their already fragile dynamic; every year spent on the project threatens to derail the scholarly masterpiece they have set out to complete.

A pivotal moment arrives when Kathyayani unexpectedly encounters her son in her English class, now a grown man who has built a life with his own family. She invites him into her world and learns that both of his parents are now dead, a revelation that wounds her deeply. The emotional toll of this discovery weighs heavily on her health, while Rao’s condition worsens under the strain of his scholarly burden and the guilt of abandoning Nagalakshmi. The Shrothri household is further unsettled by Bhagirathamma’s death, and Shrothri, faced with the cumulative losses and moral reckonings of the clan, decides to take sanyasa and begin quietly distributing his wealth.

In the midst of organizing his affairs, Shrothri uncovers a long-buried letter accusing his own father of an illicit birth that violated the family’s line of inheritance. The revelation that Nanjunda Shrothri Sr. may have been a fabrication—conceived to secure an heir for the property—shocks him to his core. He seeks out the root of the family’s past, and, confronted with the prospect of further scandal, he chooses to relinquish wealth, giving it away to the needy, an act that his grandson, Shrinivasa Shrothri Jr.—whom his mother fondly calls Cheeni—supports.

As the story nears its close, Sadashiva Rao returns to live under one roof with both of his wives, a final attempt to reconcile the rift his choices created. Within a day of finding a measure of peace, Rao dies, having just completed his magnum opus. Ratne returns to Ceylon, her life intertwined with Rao’s intellectual legacy and the cost of their choices. Shrothri ultimately leaves for sanyasa, deciding to visit Kathyayani one last time. She is no longer the luminous, impulsive woman of the past but a pale, frail shell, awaiting the moment she will meet her own end. When Shrothri arrives, he learns that Nagalakshmi’s aunt was the daughter of the wronged uncle, tying together the clan’s tangled history in a final, painful revelation. Cheeni, now grown, enters as his mother dies trying to offer him water, and in that quiet moment, Kathyayani passes away. The last rites and rituals unfold as Ratne prepares to return to her homeland, and Shrothri’s long journey into renunciation ends with the old man guiding his family through loss, memory, and the weight of legacies left behind.