The Fall of the Roman Empire 1964

In the winter of 180 AD, the Roman Empire faces a precarious moment as Emperor Marcus Aurelius battles to defend his northern borders along the Danube from invading Germanic tribes. A wise and compassionate ruler, Aurelius secretly harbors visions of reforming the empire to promote equality and justice for all its citizens. This idealism puts him at odds with his ambitious son, Commodus, who values power and prefers to rule through strength and fear rather than fairness.

Aurelius has chosen [Gaius Livius] (/actor/stephen-boyd), a respected and experienced general, as his successor, along with his close confidant, the Greek ex-slave [Timonides] (/actor/james-mason). However, before he can officially announce his plans for succession, Aurelius is betrayed and poisoned—an act masterminded by Cleander, a servant of the ambitious Commodus, who seeks to eliminate rivals and ensure the prince’s ascension to the throne. Despite this treachery, Livius, loyal to Aurelius’s ideals, remains hesitant to claim the title himself, believing his humble origins would prevent him from gaining acceptance as emperor without the emperor’s endorsement. Despite the temptation, he allows Aurelius to take the throne, knowing the universe of power is a delicate and dangerous place.

As the story progresses, Livius and his army succeed in defeating the Germanic tribes on the northern frontier. Among the prisoners of war are the barbarian chieftain [Ballomar] and his court. Using a compassionate approach, [Timonides] /(/actor/james-mason) and [Lucilla] (/actor/sophia-loren), the emperor’s daughter, persuade General Livius to show mercy to the defeated tribes. His act of clemency includes convincing the Roman Senate to allow these Barbarians to settle peacefully in Italy as farmers—an effort to foster cooperation rather than conflict. Timonides gains the trust of the Germans by passing a personal trial: he endures holding his hand in a torch flame without crying out, symbolizing his steadfastness. The barbarians, impressed by their treatment and Livius’s integrity, agree to submit to Roman authority and accept the Senate’s judgment.

While these events unfold, political turmoil brews elsewhere. Commodus, driven by hatred and a desire to undo his father’s reforms, intensifies his crusade for absolute power. He schemes to diminish the influence of his sister Lucilla, who resists his tyranny. Meanwhile, Lucilla secretly joins a rebellion in the eastern provinces, where escalating taxes and famine have caused widespread unrest. She seeks to rally support against her brother’s oppressive rule, ultimately joining forces with the rebels and with Sohaemus, the [king of Armenia] (/actor/omar-sharif), who arrives with an Armenian army allied with Persia. In a surprising turn, Sohaemus slips into battle and attacks Livius, aided by Persian troops—yet the rebels, patriotic in spirit, choose to fight for their land rather than Persia, and they unite with Livius to defeat Sohaemus.

In a surprising victory, Commodus promotes Livius to co-emperor conditioned on harsh suppression of the rebellious provinces. However, Livius and Lucilla reject the brutality demanded of them, leading them to march on Rome with their army, aiming to confront Commodus and force him into abdication. In retaliation, Commodus responds with treachery, bribing and repressing his enemies. He also orchestrates a brutal massacre of Timonides and the German inhabitants of a colony, illustrating his disdain for pacifism and reform. A dark revelation emerges when [Verulus] (/actor/mel-ferrer), Commodus’s gladiator bodyguard, confesses to Lucilla that he is her brother’s illegitimate son and has been romantically involved with Aurelius’s wife.

The chaos culminates as the Senate declares Commodus a deity, and Livius and Lucilla are condemned to be sacrificed as human offerings during a drunken celebration of the new divine ruler. Despite his former friendship with Commodus, Livius confronts his rival in a duel in the Roman Forum, fighting with javelins until he finally kills Commodus. With the death of Commodus, Livius is free to ascend as emperor, but he is disillusioned with Rome’s capacity for meaningful change. He departs the city with Lucilla, leaving behind a fractured empire teetering on the edge of collapse. The film concludes with a voice-over reflecting that although the Roman Empire did not fall immediately, its inevitable decline was rooted in internal corruption and moral decay that gradually led to its downfall.