Inherit the Wind 1960
Directed by
Stanley Kramer
Made by
United Artists
Plot Summary
Read the complete plot summary and ending explained for Inherit the Wind (1960). From turning points to emotional moments, uncover what really happened and why it matters.
Based on the significant and historically relevant Scopes Monkey trial of 1925, this compelling drama revolves around a Tennessee schoolteacher named Bertram Cates, portrayed by the talented Dick York, who finds himself in a whirlwind of controversy after being arrested for teaching Darwin’s revolutionary theory of evolution to his students. As the case ignites national debate and media frenzy, it captures the attention of the sharp-witted newspaper reporter, E.K. Hornbeck, brought to life by the charismatic Gene Kelly. He takes the initiative to enlist the help of the acclaimed defense attorney and avowed atheist, Henry Drummond, masterfully played by Spencer Tracy, to champion Cates’s cause.
The courtroom drama unfolds as the tenacious prosecutor, Matthew Brady, who is not only a former presidential candidate but also a respected evangelical figure, seeks to dismantle the defense’s arguments. The tension between Drummond and Brady is palpable, as these two old rivals engage in a battle of wits and ideologies throughout the film. The challenges intensify as it is revealed that Cates’s girlfriend is the daughter of the town’s fiery preacher, revered preacher, a role that the robust Claude Akins passionately embodies.
As the story progresses, Hornbeck, with his sardonic humor, consistently ridicules the deeply religious townsfolk who oppose Cates’s progressive teachings. Highlighting an especially pivotal moment in the trial, Drummond takes the bold step of calling Brady to the stand, leading him to elucidate biblical narratives, including the tale of Jonah and the whale. In a surprising turn, even the staunch Biblical Literalist, Brady, is compelled to acknowledge that some Biblical events require an intellectual interpretation rather than a strict literal understanding. This revelation empowers Drummond to argue that Cates possesses the intrinsic right to hold a different perspective, particularly regarding the Book of Genesis, and denying him this right would be an injustice.
The climactic moment of the film arrives when Brady, overwhelmed by Drummond’s incisive questioning, succumbs to the pressure and collapses, illustrating the intense emotional and psychological strain of the trial. Despite the fierce confrontation, Drummond displays a level of compassion for Brady’s beliefs, reminding the audience of the complexities surrounding faith and reason. Ultimately, the judge, portrayed by Harry Morgan, imposes a modest fine of $100.00, a resolution that echoes the discontent and shock rippling through the courtroom. This powerful narrative not only highlights the clash of ideological views but also emphasizes the enduring struggle between tradition and progress in society.
Timeline
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Bertram Cates' Arrest
In 1925, Bertram Cates, a schoolteacher in Tennessee, is arrested for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution to his students. This act of defiance against the law sparks a major conflict between science and religion in the small town.
National Attention on the Trial
Cates' trial for teaching evolution gains national attention, becoming a focal point in the debate over science and religion in American schools. The media coverage turns the trial into a spectacle, drawing in public interest far beyond the town's borders.
E.K. Hornbeck Arrives
E.K. Hornbeck, a sharp-witted newspaper reporter, arrives in town to cover the trial. He quickly becomes embroiled in the events, using his influences to highlight the absurdity of the situation and mocking the townspeople's rigid beliefs.
Henry Drummond Defends Cates
Renowned defense attorney Henry Drummond, an outspoken atheist, is brought in to lead Cates' defense. His reputation and dedication to defending intellectual freedom creates a dramatic showdown with the prosecution.
Matthew Brady Takes the Stand
The prosecution, led by Matthew Brady, a well-known evangelist and former presidential candidate, enters the courtroom with a strong public profile. His religious zeal sets the stage for a heated confrontation with Drummond.
Clash of Old Adversaries
As the trial unfolds, Drummond and Brady, who are old rivals, engage in intense exchanges in court. Their long-standing animosity fuels their legal battle, making it not just a trial but a personal vendetta.
Cates' Girlfriend's Dilemma
Cates’ girlfriend, the daughter of the town preacher, finds herself torn between her love for Cates and her father's strict religious beliefs. This internal conflict highlights the broader societal tensions regarding faith and reason.
Drummond Calls Brady to the Stand
In a bold move, Drummond calls Brady to testify on the stand. He challenges him to explain various biblical stories, like Jonah and the whale, forcing Brady to contemplate the complexities of faith versus interpretation.
Brady's Concession
Under Drummond's relentless questioning, Brady is eventually rattled and concedes that some biblical accounts require interpretation rather than literal belief. This moment signifies a crack in the unwavering faith that Brady represents.
Drummond's Defense of Cates
With Brady's concession, Drummond powerfully asserts that Cates has the right to his beliefs, regardless of popular opinion. He argues passionately for intellectual freedom and the importance of diverse perspectives in a democratic society.
Brady's Collapse
The stress of the trial and the intense scrutiny from Drummond lead to Brady collapsing in the courtroom. This moment is both a physical manifestation of his mental strain and an indication of the personal toll the trial is taking on him.
The Verdict
Despite Drummond's compelling defense, the judge issues a $100 fine against Cates for violating the law. This outcome elicits disappointment and outrage from many observers, reflecting the societal divisions surrounding the case.
Aftermath of the Trial
In the wake of the trial, Cates and Drummond reflect on the proceedings and the significant implications for society. The trial's outcome leaves lasting changes in how evolution and religion are viewed in education and law.
Public Reaction
The community's reaction to the trial is mixed, with some supporting Cates and Drummond while others align with Brady and the local religious authorities. This polarization marks a pivotal moment in the dialogue between faith and reason in America.
Characters
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Bertram Cates (Dick York)
Bertram Cates is a young schoolteacher who faces trial for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution. Cates is portrayed as an idealistic yet conflicted individual, whose commitment to scientific reasoning places him at odds with the conservative beliefs of his community. His character represents the struggle for intellectual freedom in a hostile environment.
Henry Drummond (Spencer Tracy)
Henry Drummond is a renowned defense attorney and an outspoken atheist who defends Bertram Cates. He is characterized by his sharp wit and fierce dedication to justice, often challenging societal norms and beliefs. Drummond's intellect and unwavering resolve serve as a beacon of hope against the oppressive forces represented by his adversary.
Matthew Brady (Fredric March)
Matthew Brady is the prosecuting attorney and a former presidential candidate who embodies the struggle between faith and science. Initially confident in his beliefs, he becomes increasingly rattled as Drummond questions him. Brady represents the deep-seated religious fervor of the time, ultimately revealing the vulnerabilities in his rigid worldview.
E.K. Hornbeck (Gene Kelly)
E.K. Hornbeck is a cynical newspaper reporter who provides commentary on the trial and its participants. His sarcastic nature allows him to critique societal values while offering a more progressive perspective. His character serves as a bridge between the audience and the events of the trial, often highlighting the absurdities of the clash between beliefs.
The Judge (Harry Morgan)
The Judge presides over the controversial trial, attempting to maintain order amid the chaos. His rulings reflect the tensions of the period and the difficulty of upholding impartial justice in a charged environment. He ultimately imposes a fine that indicates the complexities of his own position within the societal debate.
Setting
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Time period
1925
The film takes place in the year 1925, a time when the United States was experiencing significant ideological divisions, particularly between traditionalist and modernist viewpoints. The context of the Scopes trial reflects the broader national debate over science, religion, and education, which continues to resonate today.
Location
Tennessee
The movie is set in a small town in Tennessee during the 1925 Scopes Monkey trial. This Southern state is known for its rich cultural history and deep-rooted religious beliefs, which play a significant role in the film's conflict. The local atmosphere is charged with tension as the town grapples with the clash between science and religion.
Themes
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Justice
The pursuit of justice is a central theme in 'Inherit the Wind,' as the characters grapple with ideas of rights, beliefs, and the law. Through the trial of Bertram Cates, the film examines the conflict between individual freedoms and societal norms. Henry Drummond's defense of Cates highlights the importance of intellectual freedom, particularly in the face of overwhelming opposition.
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Knowledge vs. Belief
The theme of knowledge versus belief is powerfully portrayed through the characters' arguments and the trial's proceedings. It poses profound questions about faith, reason, and the obligation to challenge accepted norms. The film illustrates how scientific thought can conflict with traditional religious views, pushing characters to confront their understanding of truth.
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