Iron Jawed Angels 2004

Alice Paul [Hilary Swank] and Lucy Burns [Frances O’Connor] return from England where they met while participating in the Women’s Social and Political Union started by radical suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst and led by her daughter Christabel Pankhurst. The pair presents a bold plan to the National American Woman’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA) to campaign directly in Washington D.C. for national voting rights for women, a strategy that unsettles the established leadership but earns them a seat to steer the NAWSA Congressional Committee in D.C. Their push signals a new era of militant activism inside the suffrage movement, and their mission is to mobilize public attention around women’s rights as the country prepares for a transition of power. They rally support, outline a pathway, and set the stage for a dramatic demonstration aimed at pressuring the government to deliver the vote.

In the process of building momentum, Paul and Burns organize a pivotal event that will become a symbol of the era. While soliciting donations at an art gallery, Paul convinces Inez Millholland [Julia Ormond], a labor lawyer with a fierce sense of justice, to lead the parade on a white horse, a striking image intended to capture national headlines. Paul also meets Ben Weissman [Patrick Dempsey], a Washington newspaper political cartoonist, whose presence hints at a potential romantic connection that threads through the unfolding drama. The plan also encounters moral and strategic debates: Paul presses for inclusion and bold moves, while Ida Wells-Barnett [Adilah Barnes] confronts the idea of African American women marching at the back of the procession to avoid alienating Southern Democrats, ultimately choosing to step forward and join a white group in the middle of the parade, a moment that underscores the complex intersections of race and suffrage.

As disagreements over fundraising and tactics intensify, Paul and Burns are eventually pushed out of NAWSA, leading them to establish the National Woman’s Party (NWP) to champion their more confrontational approach. The romance subplot deepens as Alice Paul briefly explores a relationship with Ben Weissman, weaving personal stakes into the public campaign and illustrating how public struggle can blur lines between political and private life.

The film then pulls back to show the wider factional tensions within the movement. NAWSA leaders criticize the NWP’s tactics, including their public demonstrations against President Wilson, and the ongoing Silent Sentinels picketing outside the White House. The narrative emphasizes the pressure points on the U.S. government as the two streams of suffrage activism clash and eventually seek a common legislative goal.

The tension between protestors and authorities escalates as many women are arrested for obstructing traffic, and the stakes rise with the harsh realities of life inside the Occoquan Workhouse. Inside, the prisoners endure abusive and terrorizing treatment, and hunger strikes become a form of defiance, with guards responding with force-feeding of milk and raw eggs. The inmates are isolated from visitors and lawyers, creating a fraught legal and moral battle that captures the era’s brutal treatment of political prisoners.

The story tightens around the personal angle when (fictional) U.S. Senator Tom Leighton visits his wife Emily Leighton [Molly Parker], one of the imprisoned women. A secret letter carried by Emily leaks to the public, shedding light on the harsh conditions faced by the suffragists and igniting media interest that places pressure on the federal government. These events culminate in the release of Paul, Burns, and the other detainees, signaling a shift in the public’s awareness of the suffrage struggle and the political will to act.

With pressure mounting, the NAWSA aligns with the NWP’s push for a constitutional amendment. The political landscape shifts as Wilson confronts international expectations about democracy in Europe and domestic expectations to extend democratic rights to half of the population. The climax centers on a critical moment in the ratification process: the amendment moves toward approval, catalyzed by political maneuvering at the state level and the national stage alike. The story closes on the broader triumph of perseverance and strategy as the suffrage movement secures a path forward for the Nineteenth Amendment.

In this expansive chronicle of grit, strategy, and sacrifice, the characters navigate ideological rifts, personal risk, and a turning point in American history. From the vivid organizing efforts in D.C. to the tense confrontations with authorities and the intimate moments of resolve, the film presents a careful portrait of a movement that refuses to be silenced and a nation that must reckon with the promise of equal voting rights for all its citizens.