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The Public Enemy

The Public Enemy 1931

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Plot Summary

Read the complete plot summary and ending explained for The Public Enemy (1931). From turning points to emotional moments, uncover what really happened and why it matters.


Tom Powers, portrayed by James Cagney in what is considered a landmark performance, alongside his partner Matt Doyle, played by Edward Woods, are two resilient youths navigating the harsh realities of life in 1920s Chicago. Raised in poverty and desperation, they find themselves working for the notorious Putty Nose, a fence with dubious intentions. Initially, he offers them a golden opportunity to execute a robbery, promising he will aid them should anything go awry. However, when the robbery goes south, Putty Nose abandons them to face the consequences alone.

As the era of Prohibition takes hold, the duo encounters a formidable new ally in Paddy Ryan, who seamlessly ushers them into the underbelly of the illegal brewing business. The story intensifies with the return of Mike, Tom’s older brother, from World War I. Disappointed with Tom’s entanglements in the criminal world, Mike confronts him, which leads to a heated argument causing Tom to storm out of the family home. The tension escalates further when the powerful gang leader, Nails Nathan, exploits Tom and Matt to keep rival gangs in check, coercing local speakeasies to exclusively sell their brand of beer.

As Tom delves deeper into the gangster lifestyle, he grows increasingly ruthless. A pivotal moment occurs when he lashes out at his girlfriend, Kitty, infamously smashing a grapefruit in her face in a fit of rage, ultimately forsaking her for the sophisticated and alluring Texan, Gwen Allen. In a lavish night club celebration, fate takes a dark turn when Tom comes across Putty Nose once more, resulting in a harrowing confrontation that ends with Tom taking his life in cold blood.

The narrative shifts dramatically following Nails’ untimely demise after a horse accident, igniting a fierce gang war that envelops the city. Despite Paddy’s insistence on going underground to wait out the chaos, Tom’s desire for vengeance propels him forward. However, their determination leads them into a deadly ambush by rival gang members, resulting in Matt’s tragic death during a violent shootout. Heartbroken yet fueled by vengeance, Tom embarks on a ruthless quest against his adversaries, methodically eliminating them one by one. But his journey of retribution comes at a high price, as he himself becomes a casualty, collapsing in the pouring rain after suffering severe injuries.

In a shocking climax, Tom’s saga culminates in a harrowing finale when members of his gang abduct him from the hospital, ultimately delivering his bandage-wrapped corpse to his mother’s doorstep, an act that underscores the brutal and tragic reality of a life immersed in crime.

Timeline

Follow the complete movie timeline of The Public Enemy (1931) with every major event in chronological order. Great for understanding complex plots and story progression.


Childhood Beginnings

Tom Powers and Matt Doyle grow up in poverty in Chicago, where they establish a close friendship. Their tough upbringing leads them to seek out opportunities that would eventually lead them into the criminal underworld.

Chicago

First Criminal Venture

The two friends begin working for Putty Nose, a fence who introduces them to the world of crime. Eager to prove themselves, Tom and Matt embark on a robbery deal that ultimately turns disastrous.

Abandoned by Their Boss

When the robbery goes awry, Putty Nose abandons Tom and Matt in their time of need. This betrayal marks a pivotal moment in their transition from minor criminals to more serious players in the gang world.

Entering the Brewery Business

During Prohibition, Tom and Matt meet Paddy Ryan, who becomes a valuable ally. Paddy sets them up in the illegal brewery business, providing them a steady source of income and a deeper entrenchment in the criminal scene.

Conflict with Tom's Brother

Tom's older brother Mike returns from World War I and confronts him about his associations with gangsters. The confrontation leads to Tom angrily leaving home, further solidifying his pathway into crime.

Home

Rising Gangster Influence

Under the direction of big boss Nails Nathan, Tom and Matt are used to exert influence over local speakeasies. Their roles increase in stature as they begin to pressure these establishments into buying only their beer.

Domestic Abuse

Tom's impatience and frustration lead him to take out his anger on his girlfriend Kitty. In a shocking display of violence, he shoves a grapefruit into her face, showcasing his brutal transformation into a ruthless gangster.

Meeting Gwen Allen

After rejecting Kitty, Tom becomes infatuated with the glamorous Texan, Gwen Allen. This change in romantic interests illustrates Tom's rising status and his desire for a more lavish lifestyle.

Night Club

Confrontation with Putty Nose

While celebrating at a nightclub, Tom spots Putty Nose, their former boss. Fueled by anger over past betrayals, Tom and Matt follow him to his apartment, where Tom commits murder.

Putty Nose's Apartment

Nails Nathan's Death

The gang is shaken by the unexpected death of Nails Nathan after a fall from a horse. His demise triggers a violent power struggle between rival gangs, plunging the city into chaos.

Life on the Run

Following Nails' death, Paddy orders the gang to go into hiding to avoid the escalating conflict. However, Tom is unwilling to flee, leading to dire consequences for him and Matt.

Ambush and Tragedy

As Tom and Matt attempt to leave their hiding place, they are ambushed by a rival gang. The shootout ends tragically with Matt's death, leaving Tom devastated and vengeful.

Vow for Revenge

Fueled by rage over Matt's death, Tom embarks on a solitary quest for revenge against those who killed his friend. He takes on multiple rivals in brutal confrontations, showcasing his newfound ruthless persona.

Wounded in Battle

During his violent rampage against his enemies, Tom is seriously wounded. Despite his injuries, he persists in his quest for vengeance, embodying the pain and loss he has experienced.

Final Captivity

After being captured and drugged, Tom wakes up in a hospital, where he becomes a target for the gang. Ultimately, he is delivered, wrapped in bandages, to his mother's house, signifying his tragic downfall.

Tom's Mother's House

Characters

Explore all characters from The Public Enemy (1931). Get detailed profiles with their roles, arcs, and key relationships explained.


Tom Powers (James Cagney)

Tom Powers is a complex character who transitions from a poor youth to a feared gangster. His ruthless pursuit of power leads to a life marked by violence and betrayal, ultimately isolating him from his loved ones. Tom's character arc reflects the seductive nature of crime and its inevitable consequences, revealing the darkness within his ambition.

👊 Gangster 🎖️ Ambition 😡 Ruthlessness

Matt Doyle (Edward Woods)

Matt Doyle serves as Tom's closest ally and embodies the loyalty often present in gangster narratives. Despite his friendship with Tom, Matt's fate becomes a tragic reminder of the costs associated with their criminal lifestyle. His character highlights themes of friendship and sacrifice within the violent world they inhabit.

🤝 Loyalty 💀 Sacrifice 🚨 Violence

Kitty (Joan Blondell)

Kitty is a pivotal female character whose relationship with Tom illustrates the emotional toll of his gangster life. As a girlfriend, she experiences the brunt of Tom's anger and betrayal, ultimately suffering as a victim of his violent choices. Kitty's character brings a sense of humanity to the otherwise brutal narrative.

💔 Heartbreak 🎭 Emotion 👩‍❤️‍👨 Relationships

Setting

Learn where and when The Public Enemy (1931) takes place. Explore the film’s settings, era, and how they shape the narrative.


Time period

Prohibition era, early 20th century

The movie takes place during the Prohibition era, a time when the sale, production, and transportation of alcohol were illegal in the United States. This period saw a rise in organized crime as gangs sought to capitalize on the black market for alcohol, leading to intense rivalries and violence. Socially, this era was marked by significant cultural changes, including the emergence of the flapper lifestyle and the evolving role of women.

Location

Chicago

Chicago serves as the gritty backdrop for 'The Public Enemy,' embodying the chaotic spirit of the Prohibition era. Known for its organized crime and speakeasies, the city is a hub of illicit activities where gangsters negotiate power and territory. Its vibrant nightlife contrasts sharply with the violence and desperation of the characters' lives.

🌆 City 🍻 Prohibition 🎷 Gangster

Themes

Discover the main themes in The Public Enemy (1931). Analyze the deeper meanings, emotional layers, and social commentary behind the film.


🔫

Crime

The central theme of 'The Public Enemy' revolves around crime and its consequences. It explores the allure of the gangster lifestyle, showcasing how ambition and greed lead to moral decay. Tom Powers' descent into ruthlessness highlights the destructive nature of crime, affecting not only the criminal but also their loved ones.

💔

Betrayal

Betrayal plays a pivotal role in the narrative, manifesting in various relationships, such as Tom's abandonment of Kitty for Gwen. Tom's betrayal of his own brother's values after returning from war underscores the conflict between familial loyalty and the seductive nature of power. This theme ultimately leads to tragic consequences and a cycle of revenge.

⚔️

Revenge

Revenge is a driving force in the film, particularly after the death of Matt, which acts as a catalyst for Tom. His quest for vengeance against rival gangsters underscores the brutal reality of gangster life, where violence begets more violence. Tom's single-minded pursuit reveals both the destructive impact of vengeance and the tragic fate that often accompany such paths.

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