Sankofa 1993

An elderly Divine Drummer, Sankofa, plays Fontomfrom drums and chants a call to the ancestors:

Lingering spirit of the dead, rise up.

This ritual starts the film as a bridge between the present and a deep history rooted in Ghana. The camera then follows Mona Mona, a contemporary African-American model, as she works a beach photo session along the coast. The setting is Cape Coast Castle, a place steeped in the horrors of the slave trade, and Mona finds herself both drawn to and largely unaware of its brutal past. While the photographer pushes her to imagine famous, sensational images, Mona struggles to connect with a culture she has long felt detached from. In the midst of this, she encounters the aging drummer, Sankofa, who urges her to remember and to listen to the land’s sacred history.

When Mona enters the castle, she is pulled into the echoes of a brutal era and suddenly finds herself surrounded by enslaved Africans. Traders from Europe cast aside her claims of freedom, dragging her toward a fire where she is stripped of her clothes and branded. The experience fractures time and identity, and Mona becomes Shola, adopting the life and sufferings of her enslaved forebears as a path to reclaiming heritage.

As Shola, she is transported to the Lafayette plantation in the American South, where she endures relentless abuse and sexual violence. Here, she encounters Nunu, a strong, motherly field hand who remembers the old ways, and Noble Ali, a loyal headman who loves Nunu and resists mistreatment of the enslaved. A rebellious West Indian slave named Shango also emerges, risking his life to defend his people and to challenge the cruelty around him. Shango’s name carries the weight of thunder and defiance, and his bond with Shola deepens as they plan movement against the slave system.

Shola’s awakening is shaped by witnessing the secret society formed by enslaved people from Lafayette and nearby plantations. Initially hesitant because of Christian beliefs, Shola eventually joins the clandestine group, and together they move from private protest to a pointed uprising. The rebellion culminates in fire, devastation of sugar fields, and a visible shift in the plantation’s power dynamic.

The dynamics on the plantation are complicated by Joe, Nunu’s mixed-race son, who was fathered by a white man who raped Nunu during the slave ship voyage. Joe, now a head slave who enforces his master’s will, is indoctrinated by Father Raphel to see the enslaved Africans as enemies and to distance himself from his mother’s roots. The psychological conflict drives Joe to a tragic act that reveals the tangled loyalties and painful estrangements within families torn apart by slavery: he ultimately kills his mother, believing her to be possessed. Some interpret Nunu’s death as a spiritual release, a return home on the wings of a bird, signaling the enduring pull of Africa.

Across these intertwined timelines, Shola grows from a compliant slave into a fearless participant in rebellion, guided by the Sankofa bird that Shango hands her after she is punished for attempting to escape. Her transformation mirrors the broader resistance of the enslaved community, and her actions become a catalyst for change within the plantation’s brutal hierarchy.

Returning to the present, Mona awakens with a new sense of belonging and reverence for her roots. A welcoming figure greets her with warmth, saying, “My child, welcome back,” as she passes the photographer—an emblem of colonial gaze and Western domination. The experience leaves Mona enthralled by Sankofa’s chants and the drums, inviting her to join a movement of Black people reconnecting with their origins. In a poignant moment, Nunu emerges from the castle as Mona comes to terms with her heritage, and Sankofa’s rhythm intensifies the moment of collective liberation. The final image frames a bird soaring above, a symbol of the healing and freedom that come from embracing one’s true past.